Showing posts with label of. Show all posts
Showing posts with label of. Show all posts

Wednesday, March 18, 2015

THE STORY OF A MOTHER Hans Christian Andersen Fairy Tales

A mother sat there with her little child. She was so downcast, so afraid that it should die! It was so pale, the small eyes had closed themselves, and it drew its breath so softly, now and then, with a deep respiration, as if it sighed; and the mother looked still more sorrowfully on the little creature.

Then a knocking was heard at the door, and in came a poor old man wrapped up as in a large horse-cloth, for it warms one, and he needed it, as it was the cold winter season! Everything out-of-doors was covered with ice and snow, and the wind blew so that it cut the face.

As the old man trembled with cold, and the little child slept a moment, the mother went and poured some ale into a pot and set it on the stove, that it might be warm for him; the old man sat and rocked the cradle, and the mother sat down on a chair close by him, and looked at her little sick child that drew its breath so deep, and raised its little hand.

"Do you not think that I shall save him?" said she. "Our Lord will not take him from me!"

And the old man—it was Death himself—he nodded so strangely, it could just as well signify yes as no. And the mother looked down in her lap, and the tears ran down over her cheeks; her head became so heavy—she had not closed her eyes for three days and nights; and now she slept, but only for a minute, when she started up and trembled with cold.

"What is that?" said she, and looked on all sides; but the old man was gone, and her little child was gone—he had taken it with him; and the old clock in the corner burred, and burred, the great leaden weight ran down to the floor, bump! and then the clock also stood still.

But the poor mother ran out of the house and cried aloud for her child.

Out there, in the midst of the snow, there sat a woman in long, black clothes; and she said, "Death has been in thy chamber, and I saw him hasten away with thy little child; he goes faster than the wind, and he never brings back what he takes!"

"Oh, only tell me which way he went!" said the mother. "Tell me the way, and I shall find him!"

"I know it!" said the woman in the black clothes. "But before I tell it, thou must first sing for me all the songs thou hast sung for thy child! I am fond of them. I have heard them before; I am Night; I saw thy tears whilst thou sangst them!"

"I will sing them all, all!" said the mother. "But do not stop me now—I may overtake him—I may find my child!"

But Night stood still and mute. Then the mother wrung her hands, sang and wept, and there were many songs, but yet many more tears; and then Night said, "Go to the right, into the dark pine forest; thither I saw Death take his way with thy little child!"

The roads crossed each other in the depths of the forest, and she no longer knew whither she should go! then there stood a thorn-bush; there was neither leaf nor flower on it, it was also in the cold winter season, and ice-flakes hung on the branches.

"Hast thou not seen Death go past with my little child?" said the mother.

"Yes," said the thorn-bush; "but I will not tell thee which way he took, unless thou wilt first warm me up at thy heart. I am freezing to death; I shall become a lump of ice!"

And she pressed the thorn-bush to her breast, so firmly, that it might be thoroughly warmed, and the thorns went right into her flesh, and her blood flowed in large drops, but the thornbush shot forth fresh green leaves, and there came flowers on it in the cold winter night, the heart of the afflicted mother was so warm; and the thorn-bush told her the way she should go.

She then came to a large lake, where there was neither ship nor boat. The lake was not frozen sufficiently to bear her; neither was it open, nor low enough that she could wade through it; and across it she must go if she would find her child! Then she lay down to drink up the lake, and that was an impossibility for a human being, but the afflicted mother thought that a miracle might happen nevertheless.

"Oh, what would I not give to come to my child!" said the weeping mother; and she wept still more, and her eyes sunk down in the depths of the waters, and became two precious pearls; but the water bore her up, as if she sat in a swing, and she flew in the rocking waves to the shore on the opposite side, where there stood a mile-broad, strange house, one knew not if it were a mountain with forests and caverns, or if it were built up; but the poor mother could not see it; she had wept her eyes out.

"Where shall I find Death, who took away my little child?" said she.

"He has not come here yet!" said the old grave woman, who was appointed to look after Deaths great greenhouse! "How have you been able to find the way hither? And who has helped you?"

"OUR LORD has helped me," said she. "He is merciful, and you will also be so! Where shall I find my little child?"

"Nay, I know not," said the woman, "and you cannot see! Many flowers and trees have withered this night; Death will soon come and plant them over again! You certainly know that every person has his or her lifes tree or flower, just as everyone happens to be settled; they look like other plants, but they have pulsations of the heart. Childrens hearts can also beat; go after yours, perhaps you may know your childs; but what will you give me if I tell you what you shall do more?"

"I have nothing to give," said the afflicted mother, "but I will go to the worlds end for you!"

"Nay, I have nothing to do there!" said the woman. "But you can give me your long black hair; you know yourself that it is fine, and that I like! You shall have my white hair instead, and thats always something!"

"Do you demand nothing else?" said she. "That I will gladly give you!" And she gave her her fine black hair, and got the old womans snow-white hair instead.

So they went into Deaths great greenhouse, where flowers and trees grew strangely into one another. There stood fine hyacinths under glass bells, and there stood strong-stemmed peonies; there grew water plants, some so fresh, others half sick, the water-snakes lay down on them, and black crabs pinched their stalks. There stood beautiful palm-trees, oaks, and plantains; there stood parsley and flowering thyme: every tree and every flower had its name; each of them was a human life, the human frame still lived—one in China, and another in Greenland—round about in the world. There were large trees in small pots, so that they stood so stunted in growth, and ready to burst the pots; in other places, there was a little dull flower in rich mould, with moss round about it, and it was so petted and nursed. But the distressed mother bent down over all the smallest plants, and heard within them how the human heart beat; and amongst millions she knew her childs.

"There it is!" cried she, and stretched her hands out over a little blue crocus, that hung quite sickly on one side.

"Dont touch the flower!" said the old woman. "But place yourself here, and when Death comes—I expect him every moment—do not let him pluck the flower up, but threaten him that you will do the same with the others. Then he will be afraid! He is responsible for them to OUR LORD, and no one dares to pluck them up before HE gives leave."

All at once an icy cold rushed through the great hall, and the blind mother could feel that it was Death that came.

"How hast thou been able to find thy way hither?" he asked. "How couldst thou come quicker than I?"

"I am a mother," said she.

And Death stretched out his long hand towards the fine little flower, but she held her hands fast around his, so tight, and yet afraid that she should touch one of the leaves. Then Death blew on her hands, and she felt that it was colder than the cold wind, and her hands fell down powerless.

"Thou canst not do anything against me!" said Death.

"But OUR LORD can!" said she.

"I only do His bidding!" said Death. "I am His gardener, I take all His flowers and trees, and plant them out in the great garden of Paradise, in the unknown land; but how they grow there, and how it is there I dare not tell thee."

"Give me back my child!" said the mother, and she wept and prayed. At once she seized hold of two beautiful flowers close by, with each hand, and cried out to Death, "I will tear all thy flowers off, for I am in despair."

"Touch them not!" said Death. "Thou sayst that thou art so unhappy, and now thou wilt make another mother equally unhappy."

"Another mother!" said the poor woman, and directly let go her hold of both the flowers.

"There, thou hast thine eyes," said Death; "I fished them up from the lake, they shone so bright; I knew not they were thine. Take them again, they are now brighter than before; now look down into the deep well close by; I shall tell thee the names of the two flowers thou wouldst have torn up, and thou wilt see their whole future life—their whole human existence: and see what thou wast about to disturb and destroy."

And she looked down into the well; and it was a happiness to see how the one became a blessing to the world, to see how much happiness and joy were felt everywhere. And she saw the others life, and it was sorrow and distress, horror, and wretchedness.

"Both of them are Gods will!" said Death.

"Which of them is Misfortunes flower and which is that of Happiness?" asked she.

"That I will not tell thee," said Death; "but this thou shalt know from me, that the one flower was thy own child! it was thy childs fate thou sawst—thy own childs future life!"

Then the mother screamed with terror, "Which of them was my child? Tell it me! Save the innocent! Save my child from all that misery! Rather take it away! Take it into Gods kingdom! Forget my tears, forget my prayers, and all that I have done!"

"I do not understand thee!" said Death. "Wilt thou have thy child again, or shall I go with it there, where thou dost not know!"

Then the mother wrung her hands, fell on her knees, and prayed to our Lord: "Oh, hear me not when I pray against Thy will, which is the best! hear me not! hear me not!"

And she bowed her head down in her lap, and Death took her child and went with it into the unknown land.
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BRIEF REVIEW OF PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELL

Life scientists have separated cells into two sorts: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic.
The distinction between these two categories of cells is primarily based upon the structure of their core i.e. nuclei. 

In prokaryotic cells, the heritable material (DNA) is without any membrane covering and is openly submerged in the cytoplasm. 

image of prokaryotic cell
Eukaryotes have a very well defined core i.e. nucleus, in which nuclear material (chromosomes or DNA) is encased in two fold nuclear membrane.


image of eukaryotic cell

Living organisms acquiring prokaryotic cells are called Prokaryotes and those possessing eukaryotic cells are called Eukaryotes. Prokaryotes take account of bacteria and blue green alga. Eukaryotes comprise all other unicellular or multicellular creatures for instance animals, plants, fungi and Protista.


Prokaryotic cells for the most part are a shortage of many of the membrane bounded structures found in eukaryotic cells. For instance, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplasts and Golgi apparatus are not present in prokaryotic cells. As there is no nuclear membrane, a prokaryotic cell has no distinct core nucleus and its DNA molecule is directly submerged in cytoplasm. Prokaryotes have little estimated ribosomes 70s contrasted with eukaryotes 80s.

70S prokaryotic ribosome
Eukaryotes have larger sized ribosomes of 80S. They are composed of two parts i.e. 60S and 40S.

80S eukaryotic ribosome

In prokaryotes, mitosis is missing and the cell reproduces by binary fission. As a consequence of their simpler structure, it was generally accepted for quite a while that prokaryotic cells speak to a more primitive phase of development than eukaryotic cells. Perhaps the most distinguishing feature of the prokaryotic cell is that its cell divider composed of polysaccharide chains which are covalently bounded to shorter chains of amino acids structuring peptidoglycan or murein. The entire cell wall is viewed as a single and solitary enormous particle or sub-atomic complex called sacculus. The cell wall of plants for the most part is composed of cellulose and is distinctively structured than that of a bacterium.
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Out of Sight Out of Mind

Roots are the most neglected parts of plants, perhaps because they are out of sight and - superficially at least - lack the intrinsic aesthetic beauty of the above-ground parts. For most (although not all) plants they are vital structures and - when you look really closely - they have an intricate beauty of their own.

Root tips are sensitive gravity detectors, ensuring that the root always grows downwards into the soil. This root was held in the horizontal plane for less than an hour before it redirected its growth downwards. Behind the root tip you can see the point where the root hairs develop, with newly initiated root hairs just visible nearest the root tip but becoming longer as you move away from it. Further back still the root hairs die away continually and each has a life span of just a day or two, but they are continually replaced as the root penetrates further into the soil. The passage of the root through the soil is assisted by lubricating mucilage produced by the root tip, whose surface cells slough off. The mucilage also supports a bacterial microflora that helps the root acquire nutrients and may provide some protection from disease-producing organisms.

This is a root tip sectioned vertically and stained with a  fluorescent dye called DAPI. If you click on the image to enlarge it the details will be a little clearer. The brightly fluoresescing dots are the nuclei, one per cell, and you can see the files of cells produced by sequential cell division followed by cell elongation, which pushes the root ever-further into the soil.

This is a root in transverse section, further back from the tip than the previous image, in the middle of the root hair zone. It has been stained with a fluorescent dye called calcofluor, which makes the cellulose cell walls fluoresce blue in ultraviolet light. From the outside inwards, you can see the long root hairs, each a single cell that arises from the root epidermis (surface layer of cells). Next inwards lies the root cortex, which constitutes the vast bulk of the cells, then in the centre you can see the stele - the cylinder of vascular tissue that transports water upwards to the rest of the plant and carries sugars and amino acides downwards to support the continued growth of the root.

The arrangement of the various cells and structures is more clearly visible here, at higher magnification. The large circles in the stele, top left, are xylem vessels that conduct water away from the root.

The root hairs, which are in intimate contact with the soil particles, absorb water and soluble minerals that are transported through the root cortex, both from cell-to-cell within cell cytoplasm (the symplastic route) and through cell walls and the spaces between cells (the apoplastic route), to the stele in the centre of the root.


Once the water reaches the stele it encounters a single layer of cells called the endodermis, that sheaths the stele. The walls of the endodermal cells contain a substance called suberin which renders them impermeable, so water that arrived via the apoplastic route is forced into and through the cytoplasm of these cells, where dissolved minerals are selectively removed. You can see the suberin deposits, known as the Casparian strip, as the orange staining in the single ring of cells that lies between the blue and the yellow cells in the section of a stele above. Some water also passes unimpeded through specialised passage cells in the endodermis - if you follow the ring of cells with the orange stained Casparian strip in their cell walls around the stele in the image above, youll notice a few passage cells with no orange-stained suberin deposit in their walls.
Almost all the water taken up and transmitted via both routes, via the cytoplasm of the endodemis cells or via their passage cells,  then enters the dead xylem cells that carry it aloft in the water column that is drawn upwards by transpiration from the leaves.

When gardeners buy plants in garden centres theres a great temptation to simply dig a hole and plant them, without teasing out the pot-bound roots or cultivating the soil around the planting hole, but a little tender, loving care for root systems pays great dividends: the vigour of the plant above the soil depends on the health of the roots, hidden below the surface.
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RULES OF THE AIRWAYS


Takeoffs are optional. Landings are mandatory.

Flying is not dangerous; crashing is dangerous.

Speed is life, altitude is life insurance. No one has ever collided with the sky.

The only time you have too much fuel is when youre on fire.

Flying is the second greatest thrill known to man. Landing is the first!

Everyone knows a good landing is one from which you can walk away. But a great landing is one after which you can use the airplane again.

The probability of survival is equal to the angle of arrival.

Was that a landing or were we shot down?

Learn from the mistakes of others. You wont live long enough to make all of them yourself.

Trust your captain.... but keep your seat belt securely fastened.

Be nice to your first officer, he may be your captain at your next airline.

Any attempt to stretch fuel is guaranteed to increase headwind.

A pilot is a confused soul who talks about women when hes flying, and about flying when hes with a woman.

Try to keep the number of your landings equal to the number of your takeoffs.

There are old pilots, and there are bold pilots, but there are no old, bold, pilots!

Gravity never loses! The best you can hope for is a draw!

Gravity SUCKS!!
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EVENTS HAPPENING DURING OPENING AND CLOSING OF STOMATA

EVENTS DURING OPENING AND CLOSING OF STOMATA:

There is some changing in the chemistry of Stomata which results in the opening and closing of stomata. Following are the events which occur resulting the opening and closing of stomata.

  • While opening of stomata, Hydrogen ions (H+) which are present in the guard cells are pumped out of the guard cells resulting in the lowering of positive charge and accumulation of negative charge in the guard cells.
  • Due to this lowering of positive charge in guard cells, Potassium ions (K+) enter the guard cells.
  • Due to this, Osmotic pressure in the guard cells is lowered, which attracts the water to enter into the cell.
  • Starch in the chloroplast is converted into Malate ions.

Closed and Open Stomata

Closing:

Opposite of all above points results in closure of stomata cells.
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Tuesday, March 17, 2015

Anatomy of th Eye Muscle

Anatomy of th Eye Muscle

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Monday, March 16, 2015

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LIVING HUMAN ORGANISM

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LIVING HUMAN ORGANISM



SIX MOST IMPORTANT LIFE PROCESSES OF HUMAN BODY

1. METABOLISM

2. RESPONSIVENESS

3. MOVEMENT

4. GROWTH

5. DIFFERENTIATION

6. REPRODUCTION


1. METABOLISM

Sum of all the chemical processes that occur in the body

The two  phases of metabolism are 

1. catabolism

2. anabolism

CATABOLISM

catabol= throwing down

- ism = a condition

                                                             the breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler components

2. ANABOLISM

anabol= raising up

                                                          the building up of complex chemical substances from smaller, simpler components



EXAMPLE

             Digestive processes catabolize/ split proteins in food into amino acids

             These amino acids are used to anabolize/ build new proteins that make up body structures such as muscles and bones. 


2. RESPONSIVENESS

is the bodys ability to detect and respond to changes.
  

a. Example for a change in internal environment

                          A decrease in body temperature represents a change in internal environment 
 

b. Example for a change in external environment

             turning head towards the sound of a squealing brakes


DIFFERENT CELLS IN THE BODY RESPOND TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES IN DIFFERENT WAYS

EXAMPLE

a. NERVE CELLS

                                 - respond by  generating electric signals known as nerve impulses/ action potentials

b. MUSCLE CELLS

                                - Respond by contracting,
                                                               which generates force to move body parts. 


   
3. MOVEMENT

                                 includes motion of 

                                                      the whole body
                                                      individual organs
                                                      single cells
                                                      even tiny structures inside cells


4. GROWTH

                         Increase in body size that results from 

                                               an increase in the size of existing cells
                                               an increase in the number of cells
                                                 or BOTH

Also a tissue sometimes increase in size due to an increase in the amount of material between cells

EXAMPLE

In a growing bone, mineral deposits accumulate between bone cells, causing the bone to grow in length and width.


5.  DIFFERENTIATION 

                                    Development of a cell from an unspecialized to a specialized state.


STEM CELLS

                        Unspecialized precursor / ancestor cells, which can divide and give rise to cells that undergo differentiation are known as stem cells


THROUGH DIFFERENTIATION , A FERTILIZED EGG/ OVUM DEVELOPS INTO AN EMBRYO, THEN INTO A FETUS, AN INFANT, CHILD AND FINALLY AN ADULT.

  egg/ ovum  -  embryo -  fetus -  infant -  child -  adult.


6. REPRODUCTION

                  a. formation of new cells for 
                                                              tissue growth
                                                                 repair
                                                                    or
                                                              replacement

                  b. production of a new individual 

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Sunday, March 15, 2015

11 blood supply of rectum

rectum is supplied mainly by three arteries they are :a- SUPERIOR RECTAL OR HEMORRHOIDAL ARTERY - which is a branch of the INFERIOR MESENTRIC which arises from the ANTERIOR SURFACE OF THE AORTA .b-MIDDLE RECTAL OR MIDDLE HEMORRHOIDAL ARTERY - which is a branch of the INFERIOR VESICAL ARTERY which is a branch of the INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY .c- INFERIOR RECTAL OR INFERIOR HEMORRHOIDAL ARTERY - which
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33 Nerve supply of the Tongue

Motor supply :

All the intrinsic muscles, except the palatoglossus are supplied by the hypoglossal nerve. the palatoglossus is supplied by the cranial part of accessory nerve through the pharyngeal plexus .

Sensory supply :

Anterior 2/3rd of the tongue - lingual nerve is the nerve of general sensation and the chordatympani is the nerve of taste for the anterior two-thirds of the tongue .

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Thursday, March 12, 2015

Labeled Diagram Of Human

Sunday, October 24, 2010-2.bp.blogspot.com
Sunday, October 24, 2010

Consider the mentioned terms/questions at the time of studying. • Function of lens in human eye. • Draw a labeled diagram of a human eye and explain its functions? • What is the function of rods and cones? • Accommodation of eye and the least Draw labelled diagram. (d) Define cladistics Comment on the applications of DNA finger printing in human Forensic Sciences. (c) Explain lysosomal disorders in humans. Q. 5. Answer the following in not more than 150 words each. (a) Contrast the general Reminiscent of the 1987 PSA Brain on Drugs human proportion, an outstretched hand almost twice the size of his face. DMT is a bizarre contrast of utterly unfathomable etchings on top, a spirally mess of thin lines, and a scientific labeled diagram It is a simple human heart diagram, but yet gives enough heart and all the main components are nicely labeled. Be sure to scroll down a bit on the page and both links to the human heart coloring pages are towards the bottom of the page. The project in this sense is analogous to the Human Genome Projects "shotgun" approach, in that its final product - a comprehensive wiring diagram - will be the product of many individually obtained data components, woven together thanks to the power of Let me first look at a simpler case, several people hanging in a stationary and vertical human chain. If you look at the bottom person, this would be the force diagram. I have labeled the two forces on the person as mg for the gravitational force and F h .

Netters Atlas of Human Anatomy for iPad is based on the 5th edition and As such, many healthcare professionals will find it useful as a reference resource. Each diagram is labeled with a number of blue dots which can be touched to show the answer. Confocal microscopy imagery of fluorescently labeled neurons is one of The process resembles that of reverse engineering a microprocessor. It starts with a full-scale, three-dimensional wiring diagram of the flys brain, in which the density of neurons MIST guidance decision flow diagram. In regard to the ICH Topic M3 (R2 implementing limited animal studies, and finishing with human AME studies using carbon-14-labeled drugs. The radiolabeling approach can help exclude potential reactive metabolites There are, we discover, three forces called nyepas at work in the human body astrological diagrams, exotic animals and a monk-doctor reading a patient’s pulse: The exhibition label leaves the meaning cryptic, but the medical, the spiritual and .


Another Picture of Labeled Diagram Of Human :



and soundness of the horse mechanics of the front leg-3.bp.blogspot.com
and soundness of the horse mechanics of the front leg

7th Grade Science Class
7th Grade Science Class
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Tuesday, March 10, 2015

Longest cell of Human body

Cells are of microscopic size but some of them are quit long though they still cannot be seen with naked eye.
One of them is neuron. It is the longest cell of human body, motor neurons are about 4 ft 3 in (1.3 m) long. they have cell bodies in the lower spinal cord with axons that carry nerve impulses from the spinal cord down to big toe.
Ofcourse the longest cell will be of the longest man of the world.
Tags:
longest human cell neuron nerve neuron fact unbelievable facts world facts animal facts hard fact animal facts human facts accidents world record dictionary sex facts fastest strongest longest dangerous horrible love and romance facts
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